Midstream & Downstream Core Competency eLearning Library

BEHAVIOR OF HYDROCARBONS

Duration: 2.5 hours

Practical Distillation: Behavior of Hydrocarbons, begins by explaining how crude oil is processed. Next, it discusses the different properties of oil, giving special attention to the properties often referred to or measured in the refining process. The program also explains sensible heat, latent heat, vapor pressure, and partial pressure. These lessons form a review of the basic principles of the distillation process, and are presented as background for future programs in the series that explain the actual practical operation of distillation units. The final section of this program is about the process of distillation and how it works. This unit is designed to logically develop the knowledge of the distillation process from the elementary shell still through to the mechanisms of reflux, reboiling, and sidestream drawing of the sophisticated fractionator. An important lesson describes the temperature profile of the tower in distillation, showing the nature of the flow of liquid and vapors in the tower and the reasons for the flow. The final lesson is a review and summary of the entire distillation process.

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES

Duration: 3 hours

Practical Distillation: Principles and Practices, will provide you with general knowledge of how a distillation column is designed and how the distillation process works. You will learn how heat balance adjustments affect product composition. Finally, you will be introduced to several different types of columns and the basic instrumentation used to control a distillation tower. The distillation columns and related equipment shown in this program may not be the same as the columns and equipment used in your plant. However, the principles and practices presented in this program are applicable to any normal distillation process.

FRACTIONATION EQUIPMENT

Duration: 3 hours

Practical Distillation: Fractionating Equipment, provides a fundamental knowledge of fractionating equipment, including the tower, temperature and pressure, bubble cap tray and other tray types, packed towers, and auxiliary equipment. To appreciate the precautions taken during normal operations, shutdown, and turnaround, the program provides a working knowledge of foreign deposits and liquid traps, explosive mixtures, and unnecessarily rapid changes. A thorough knowledge of these factors and a deep appreciation of the trouble they can cause will permit you to wisely adapt your actions to situations you will experience, especially as they affect the various stages of shutdown and turnaround.

OPERATING PROCEDURES

Duration: 3 hours

The goal in any distillation process is to produce the maximum amount of "on-spec" products at the lowest possible cost. It is an operator's duty to see that this goal is met. An operator is responsible for collecting data on tower operating conditions and analyzing this data to determine if there is an operating problem. If the operating conditions inside the tower need to be changed, an operator must decide which adjustment to make and then correct the operation. An operator who understands what happens inside a distillation column, and why it happens, is in a much better position to keep the unit running smoothly and efficiently. Operating Procedures covers the basic principles of distillation, the control procedures followed during normal and abnormal operations, extractive and azeotropic distillation processes, shutdown and startup operations, and computer control of distillation columns.

CONCEPTS AND QUALITY

Duration: 3 hours

The physical law behind distillation is that heat can be used to separate a mixture of hydrocarbons by their respective boiling points or boiling point ranges. In a distillation column, there must be a balance of heat and material into and out of the tower. These heat and material balance concepts are the same for every column and can be used to predict how a tower will react to any operating change. The concepts of sensible and latent heat, partial pressure, and vapor pressure explain how and why hydrocarbons react as they do during the separation process. In Concepts and Quality, you will learn about the major concepts that are common to all distillation processes, identify operational principles that can be utilized to conserve energy and improve quality, identify how the interaction of process variables can affect product quality, and learn how to identify and correct operating problems.

NORMAL OPERATIONS

Duration: 4 hours

In Practical Distillation: Normal Operations, you will learn how to control the normal operation of a fractionating tower. This includes collecting data, considering the problem, correcting the operation, and checking the results.This program also identifies and analyzes the three key variables in tower operation - pressure, flow rates, and temperature - and illustrates their effects on the material balance, the heat balance, and the quality of the product. The basic tests of product quality are described, as well as the kinds of checks and adjustments the operator performs in controlling normal tower operations.Finally, the program presents operating situations that you are likely to encounter on a distillation unit. You will practice solving normal operating problems. These practice exercises will help you recognize and respond quickly to actual distillation problems.

ABNORMAL OPERATIONS

Duration: 4 hours

In Practical Distillation: Abnormal Operations, you will learn to recognize the symptoms of abnormal fractionating tower operation and learn how to make corrections. This program identifies and analyzes serious abnormalities which affect tower operation, including:  flooded trays, high levels, dry trays, trapped water, loss of cooling water, loss of heat, and plugged outlets. The program also discusses the effects of these abnormalities on products, and on temperature, pressure, and flow rates. Abnormal Operating Conditions also outlines the procedures for discovering what is happening in the tower, which corrections are most likely to re-establish normal operation, and how to judge the effects of adjustments. Finally, the program provides practice in solving abnormal operating problems. Using the knowledge from this and the previous programs in this series, you will be able to meet the challenge of abnormal operation and restore the tower to efficient and economical fractionation.

INTRODUCTION

Duration: 4 hours

This program describes the furnace and its components. You will learn about how the components function in the total process of making heat and transferring it to the petroleum materials being processed into useful products. Also discussed are the three elements of combustion - fuel, air, and a source of ignition - and the way these elements are combined under controlled conditions in the furnace. Providing air for combustion in sufficient quantity for maximum release of heat is the normal day-to-day task of the operator. This program discusses the operation and use of air control equipment and the indicators and analyzers that make strict regulation of the air supply possible. Proper control of air minimizes the consumption of fuel and extends the life of furnace equipment. Operators who develop the ability to regulate air supply within narrow limits contribute to the economy of heat production and extended life of the equipment.

WORKING WITH FURNACES

Duration: 4 hours

Few aspects of operation are more sensitive or more potentially hazardous than furnace startup and shutdown. This program leads you through these two important procedures to a complete understanding of the rigorous order of successive steps required and the way to accomplish each step prudently. Finally, you will be presented with several situations that can be brought under control by an astute application of the general principles of furnace operation. Each situation is adapted from an actual incident from the history of petroleum refining. You will examine real symptoms, consider their significance and choose a course of action that results in proper and economical firing of the furnace.

Duration: 5 hours

Process Control Tests is designed to provide operators with knowledge about how process control tests are used to aid in the production of high-quality products. You will learn about common tests — what they are, when they are used, and what the tests results mean. You will learn why products are tested, the different kinds of tests, how to obtain a good sample, and to interpret test results. You will also learn some of the more common physical tests, how they are run, what the results mean and how you can use these results as an operating tool. Also covered are some of the more common impurities found in petroleum products, how these impurities affect product quality, and how products are tested for the presence of these impurities. Finally, you will learn about the structure of hydrocarbons, how product composition affects product quality, and some of the tests used to determine product composition.

Duration: 5 hours

In terms of barrels per day, fluid catalytic cracking is the largest petroleum conversion process in the world. Nearly every major refinery is equipped with a cat cracking unit which processes gas oils of marginal value into more valuable petrochemical feedstocks, distillate fuels, and high octane gasoline blending components.In this program, you will learn about fluid catalytic cracking. You will learn about the equipment that makes up a cat cracking unit and how it operates. You will also learn how the unit operating variables affect conversion and product yields. Finally, you will learn about methods you can use to identify and correct abnormal operating problems.

Duration: 5 hours

Catalytic reforming is a process that converts a low octane feed into a high octane product called reformate. This is accomplished through a series of chemical reactions which rearrange the structure of hydrocarbon molecules. The reformate product is generally used as a gasoline blending component or as a feedstock for petrochemical operations. This program is a basic course on how catalytic reforming works. You will learn about the equipment in a reformer unit and how it operates. You will also learn how the unit is operated to maximize product yields and quality. Finally, you will learn what your duties are on a catalytic reformer.

Duration: 5 hours

Catalytic reforming is a process that converts a low octane feed into a high octane product called reformate. This is accomplished through a series of chemical reactions which rearrange the structure of hydrocarbon molecules. The reformate product is generally used as a gasoline blending component or as a feedstock for petrochemical operations. This program is a basic course on how catalytic reforming works. You will learn about the equipment in a reformer unit and how it operates. You will also learn how the unit is operated to maximize product yields and quality. Finally, you will learn what your duties are on a catalytic reformer.

PRELIMINARY TREATMENT

Duration: 5 hours

Wastewater treatment is an increasingly important aspect of refinery and chemical plant operations. An efficient wastewater plant is not only important from the standpoint of environmental conservation, but also represents an opportunity to recover and recycle some resources that might otherwise be lost, thereby contributing to the economic success of the overall process operation.In this program, you will learn about important sources of contamination within a typical refinery, and contaminants that various process operations may generate. You will also learn about the various preliminary, or physical, treatment processes that the different wastewater streams must undergo before they are suitable for further processing. The program also covers methods used to remove and recover emulsified oil from wastewater and the different chemical unit operations that are used to improve the operation of the physical treatment processes.

BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESS

Duration: 3 hours

Following preliminary treatment, the different wastewater streams are mixed together to a more or less uniform consistency for further treatment by a process called biological oxidation, also known as the activated sludge process. This process uses microorganisms to digest and break down the organic chemicals in the wastewater, producing treated effluent and sludge. This program examines the equipment used in the activated sludge process and its operation. You will also learn about sludge treatment and disposal methods and examine the various methods of effluent polishing, which further remove suspended solids and hard-to-treat organics before the treated wastewater is discharged as effluent into the environment.

PROCESS CONTROL

Duration: 3 hours

The effectiveness of the biological oxidation process is affected by a number of control factors. These factors can be divided into two basic categories, environmental and process-related. The environmental control factors include the organic loading, pH, availability of nutrients, temperature, and presence of toxic substances, and determine the environment in which the biox process takes place. The process-related control factors are adjusted by the operator to achieve the best effluent quality, and include the influent rate, the return activated sludge rate, and the waste activated sludge rate. This program examines the effect each variable has on the process, and the relationship between them. You will also learn strategies that you can use to monitor and optimize the process operation. The program includes some simple calculations that you can perform to determine the operating target levels.

TESTING and TROUBLESHOOTING

Duration: 2 hours

Testing is an important responsibility of the wastewater treatment operator. The biological oxidation (activated sludge) process is very sensitive to changes in its operation, so it is critical that you know what tests to run, how to run them, and how to use the test results to keep the process operating effectively. This program covers important tests that a treatment plant operator commonly uses on a daily basis to monitor the operation of the unit. You will learn the units of measurement and the methods of calculating the results of the tests for total solids, volatile solids, and suspended solids. The BOD5 test procedure is covered for general information and methodology. The program also covers the 30-minute sludge-settling test and calculation of the sludge volume index. Because the 30-minute settleability test is a quick, easy test that can be performed without laboratory analysis, the program includes some of the troubleshooting steps you might take, based on some typical results of the 30-minute settleability test.

FUELS and COMBUSTION

Duration: 3 hours

Fire Fighting is a series of five learning programs which primarily focus on the principles of fighting Class B fires involving oils and gases.In this program, Fuels and Combustion, you will learn that fire is combustion requiring fuel, oxygen, and a source of ignition. You will also learn about the flammability of typical liquid and vapor fuels, the sources of oxygen, the sources of ignition, and the causes and effects of various kinds of explosions and detonations. Finally, you will learn the three ways of extinguishing fires—quenching, smothering, and starving—and the techniques of dispersing flammable vapors to keep them from igniting or re-igniting during a fire.

EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

Duration: 4 hours

Fire Fighting is a series of five learning programs which primarily focus on the principles of fighting Class B fires involving oils and gases. In this program, Extinguishing Agents, you will learn about the use of water, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemicals, halons, and dry powders for controlling or extinguishing fires and for protecting men and equipment. You will also learn about proper hose handling and how to use small and large handlines, monitors, and fixed spray systems.

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS and FOAMS

Duration: 4 hours

Fire Fighting is a series of five learning programs which primarily focus on the principles of fighting Class B fires involving oils and gases. In this program, you will learn about portable fire extinguishers, which are the first line of defense in many fire situations. This program covers how to select and operate them properly. You will also learn about the construction of CO₂ and dry chemical extinguishers and how they are used for putting out small fires. Finally, you will learn about the use of foam for extinguishing large area flat fires, and how both chemical foams and air foams are prepared and applied.

TACTICS

Duration: 3 hours

Fire Fighting is a series of five learning programs which primarily focus on the principles of fighting Class B fires involving oils and gases. The way you attack a fire depends on several different factors, including how the fuel is burning and the location of the fire. It is important that you know and can implement the correct attack for any type of fire. In this program, you will learn the tactics of hose handling, of operating valves under fire exposure, of using dry chemical and foam, and of protecting pressure vessels.

STRATEGIES

Duration: 3 hours

Fire Fighting is a series of five learning programs which primarily focus on the principles of fighting Class B fires involving oils and gases. Your ability to prevent a fire or react to a fire emergency may depend on how well you planned ahead for that particular situation. Planning ahead means that you have identified fire problem areas, developed the appropriate action plans, and prepared to fight a fire with the proper fire fighting equipment, techniques and tactics. In this program, you will learn pre-fire planning and basic strategy. You will also learn strategies for fighting tank and dike fires. Finally, you will apply what you have learned in exercises that cover all different types of fires.

Duration: 4 hours

This program will teach you the basics of the corrosion process, the methods used to monitor the rate of corrosion and the control techniques used to protect equipment. By successfully controlling corrosion, the destructive effects can be minimized, and facility operations can be more profitable.

PREPARING FOR CLEANING

Duration: 2 hours

Safe Tank Cleaning is a series of four learning programs designed to teach anyone involved in the planning or supervision of a tank cleaning job the safety procedures for gas-freeing and cleaning stationary storage tanks. Preparing for Cleaning explains why tank cleaning is necessary and outlines the steps that must be carried out before any tank cleaning work begins. You will also learn about the hazards that must be minimized or eliminated at the tank cleaning site, and the ways to handle those hazards. The program also covers basic test equipment and discusses the use and importance of permits as they apply to tank cleaning.

GAS-FREEING

Duration: 2 hours

In Gas Freeing, you will learn specific information on gas freeing three different tank designs, with the assumption that each tank contains a low-sulfur crude oil. The program emphasizes the importance of accurately performing tests for flammable vapors, toxic substances, and oxygen deficiency.

CLEANING THE TANK

Duration: 1 hour

Cleaning the Tank covers the physical removal of sludge and other residue from the tank interior. You will learn about the proper tank cleaning supplies, personal protective equipment, and tests required prior to tank entry. You will also learn general safety precautions to be taken throughout the tank cleaning job.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Duration: 2 hours

In Hazardous Materials, you will learn how a specific tank design, combined with the specific material that the tank contains, determines what gas freeing and tank cleaning procedures will be necessary. You will also be introduced to a chart that cross-references tank designs with specific materials a tank may contain. You will learn how to use the chart and its accompanying data sheets to obtain information on a variety of tank cleaning situations.

Duration: 1 hour

A performance assessment is a tool that is used to measure, maintain, and improve the behaviors associated with completing a task. Within a process facility, it is imperative that tasks be completed in a safe manner. Safety procedures specify how employees must complete each task within a process facility. In this program, you will learn how to assess job performance to ensure that each employee performs their assigned tasks in a safe manner.

INTRODUCTION

Duration: 5 hours

A great deal of process water is used daily within industry to cool process products and equipment. To conserve this potentially scarce resource and to minimize the costs of industrial cooling, much of the water is recycled and used again. This recycling operation is accomplished by utilizing a recirculating water cooling system. The system is composed of two major parts - a heat exchanger that transfers heat from a hot liquid to the cooling water and a cooling tower, which cools the water so that it can be reused. In this program, you will learn about various types of cooling towers and their construction, how they cool to save water and the factors that affect cooling tower performance.

WATER CONDITIONING

Duration: 5 hours

Billions of gallons/liters of water are used daily by industry to cool process products and equipment. To conserve this potentially scarce resource and to minimize the costs of industrial cooling, much of the water is recycled and used again. This recycling operation is accomplished by utilizing a recirculating water cooling system. The system is composed of two major parts - a heat exchanger that transfers heat from a hot liquid to the cooling water and a cooling tower, which cools the water so that it can be reused. Because cooling water is recirculated throughout the cooling system, it must be treated to remove or neutralize impurities that would otherwise damage the heat transfer equipment. In this program, you will learn about water conditioning and its effect on the efficiency and upkeep of cooling tower units.

EQUIPMENT and DESIGN

Duration: 3 hours

The major source of energy consumption in a refinery, chemical, or petrochemical plant is fuel for fired heaters. Fired heaters are used in many process operations such as distillation, reforming, olefins manufacturing and hydrocracking. Almost every unit in a plant or refinery is equipped with some type of fired heater. With the rising cost of fuel, efficient operation of these furnaces can save hundreds of thousands of dollars for a company each year. In this program, you will learn about basic furnace operating principles of fired heaters and details of equipment construction and function.

OPERATING TECHNIQUES

Duration: 4 hours

In this program, you will learn about safe and efficient operating procedures for fired heaters, including variables that are monitored on the process and combustion sides of the furnace, and the major steps and safety measures in furnace startup, shutdown, and emergency shutdown.

Duration: 2 hours

In this program, you will learn about the basic chemistry behind the refining process. You will learn basic chemical terminology, molecular formulas, structural formulas, some common chemical symbols, and the various hydrocarbon groups used within the petrochemical industry.

Duration: 4 hours

Laboratory analysis of incoming raw materials and outgoing products has always been a vital concern in the refining, petrochemical and chemical industries. Due to the nature of the materials being tested and the equipment required to perform the necessary tests, safety in the laboratory is a must. Safe Laboratory Operations approaches laboratory safety from the viewpoint that most laboratory procedures involve common safety considerations - personnel attitude, handling hazardous materials, flammability of samples, sources of ignition, handling compressed gases, hazards associated with glassware, personal protective equipment and mechanical safeguards. The program concludes by providing safety information on a variety of specific tests and test equipment: LPG sampling, flash point test, Reid vapor pressure test, test for viscosity, distillation apparatus and vacuum distillation test equipment.

Duration: 3 hours

In Statistical Process Control, you will learn about the operator's role in gathering and analyzing process information and taking corrective action when process problems occur.

Duration: 1 hour

In Process Operator Responsibilities, you will learn about general duties, training, and task observance competency; safety (process, environmental, personal, fire, and chemical); and process and maintenance operations, including shift turnover responsibilities and unit checks. You will also learn about communication and documentation, including radio communication practices, log sheet entries, checklists, and permits.

Duration: 1 hour

This program covers the various pipes and fittings that make up a piping system and explains how to read piping diagrams.  You will learn how pipe connections are made and how to select the proper equipment.

Duration: 2 hours

This program explains the various uses for tubing and how to make up a small tubing run. Major subjects include types of tubing and fittings, tubing applications, tube bending, and how to assemble and tighten tubing.

Duration: 2 hours

This program covers applications for small threaded pipe and how to cut and thread piping joints. You will learn how to replace temperature and pressure indicators and how to operate pipe threading equipment.

Duration: 2 hours

This program explains the use of flange piping and the procedures for connecting flanges. Major topics include types of fittings and flanges, flange gaskets, and blinding lines.

Duration: 2 hours

This program reviews the various types of valves in piping systems and the maintenance required to keep them in good operating condition. You will learn how to lubricate valves, adjust valve packing, and inspect steam traps.

Duration: 1 hour

This program identifies the tools and procedures for cleaning pipes, burners, and other equipment. Major topics include cleaning gauge/sight glasses, strainer and burner cleaning, and changing filter elements.

• Drilling Operations and Systems
• Exploration Rights and Surface/Subsurface Technologies
• Fundamentals of Refining
• Gas Processing Overview
• Hydrocarbon Recovery
• Introduction to Solvents
• Introduction to the Petrochemical Industry
• Modern Oil and Gas Industry
• Overview of the Midstream Industry Segment
• Petroleum Geology
• Petroleum Reservoirs
• Pipelines and Storage Systems
• Production Technology: Flowing Wells and Artificial Lift
• Reservoir Fluids
• Steam Cracking
• Surface Processing of Produced Fluids
• The E&P Asset Life Cycle
• Well Completion and Stimulation

• AC Motors for Operators
• Air Compressors
• Centrifugal Compressors: Introduction
• Centrifugal Compressors: Construction and Operation
• Centrifugal Pumps: Equipment and Operation
• Centrifugal Pumps: Introduction
• Combustion Gas Turbines: Equipment and Operation
• Combustion Gas Turbines: Introduction
• Condensers
• Couplings, Gear Trains, and V-Belts: Gear Trains and V-Belt Drives
• Couplings, Gear Trains, and V-Belts: Machine Connections and Couplings
• Electrical Fundamentals
• Electrical System Basics and Diagrams
• Heat Exchangers: Introduction
• Heat Exchangers: Operations and Maintenance
• Hydrocarbon Chemistry 101
• Instrumentation: Analyzers and Inferentials
• Instrumentation: Measuring Liquid Level
• Instrumentation: Measuring Pressure
• Instrumentation: Measuring Temperature
• Instrumentation: Process and Instrumentation Drawings
• Instrumentation: Regulatory Control
• Instrumentation: Fundamentals of Control
• Instrumentation: Measuring Flow
• Internal Combustion Engines: Introduction
• Internal Combustion Engines: Operating Techniques
• Introduction To Compression
• Introduction to Dynamic Pumps
• Job Hazard Analysis and Stop Work Authority
• Leak Detection and Repair
• Lubrication Concepts
• Mechanics of Fluids: Fluids in Motion
• Mechanics of Fluids: Introduction to Process Fluids
• Mechanics of Fluids: Static Pressure and Head
• Mechanics of Fluids: Units of Fluid Measurement
• Mechanics of Fluids: Behavior of Gases
• Nature of Heat: Fuels and Combustion
• Nature of Heat: Heat and Temperature
• Nature of Heat: Heat Exchange Equipment
• Nature of Heat: Heat Transfer
• Plant Radio Communication
• Positive Displacement Compressors: Construction and Operation
• Positive Displacement Compressors: Introduction

• Electrical Centrifugal Subsurface Pumps: Equipment
• Electrical Centrifugal Subsurface Pumps: Ammeter Recording and Charts
• Electrical Fundamentals
• Flowing Wells: Chokes
• Flowing Wells: Introduction to Pressure and Flow
• Flowing Wells: Operating Flowing Wells
• Flowing Wells: Packers and Valves
• Flowing Wells: The Wellhead, Wellbore, and Christmas Tree
• Flowing Wells: Pressure and Flow in Producing Wells
• Fundamentals of Fluids for Production Operations: Fluid Behavior
• Fundamentals of Fluids for Production Operations: Gases and Static Pressure
• Gas Lift: Equipment
• Gas Lift: Fundamentals
• Gas Lift: Operating Techniques
• Gas Measurement: Electronic Flow Measurement
• Gas Measurement: Equipment and Calculations
• Gas Measurement: Fundamentals
• Gas Measurement: Orifice Flow Calculations
• Gas Measurement: Orifice Meters
• Gas Measurement: Witnessing
• Glycol Dehydration
• Heater Treaters: Fundamentals
• Heater Treaters: Types and Operation
• Hydraulic Subsurface Pumping Systems: Downhole Pumps and Engines
• Hydraulic Subsurface Pumping Systems: Installation and Testing
• Hydraulic Subsurface Pumping Systems: Pump Performance
• Hydraulic Subsurface Pumping Systems: Surface and Tubing Equipment
• Introduction to Service Rig Operations
• Lease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT)
• Lease Instrumentation: Control Equipment
• Lease Instrumentation: Final Control Devices
• Lease Instrumentation: Sensing and Measuring Equipment
• Oil and Gas Production Overview
• Oil and Gas Reservoirs: Barriers and Traps
• Oil and Gas Reservoirs: Fundamentals
• Oil and Gas Separators
• Oil Field Corrosion
• Oil Field Electricity: Conservation and Classification
• Oil Field Electricity: Electrified Equipment
• Oil Field Electricity: Fundamentals
• Oil Field Electricity: Offshore Oil Field Electricity
• Oil Well Performance and Surveillance: Equipment
• Oil Well Performance and Surveillance: Fundamentals
• Oil Well Performance and Surveillance: Testing
• Plate Tectonics
• Process Component Safety Analysis and System Testing
• Production Facility Gas Processing
• Production Safety Equipment and Support Systems
• Production Safety Systems Regulations and Device Identification
• Reducing Marine Trash and Debris
• Safety Device Operation
• SEMS Standard and Requirements
• Testing and Setting Safety Devices
• Vapor Recovery Systems
• Water Treatment and Disposal: Facilities and Testing
• Water Treatment and Disposal: Fundamentals
• Water Treatment and Disposal: Processes and Equipment
• Well Control and Production Safety Regulations
• Well Pumping: Introduction to Sucker-Rod Systems
• Well Pumping: Operating Sucker-Rods
• Well Pumping: Sucker-Rod Pump Performance
• Well Pumping: Sucker-Rod Surface Equipment
• Well Pumping: Sucker-Rod Systems
• Wireline and Sonar Well Operations

• Basic Core Analysis
• Coring and Core Preservation
• Drilling Fundamentals: Part 1
• Drilling Fundamentals: Part 2
• Introduction to Artificial Lift
• Introduction to Hydraulic Fracturing
• Offshore Systems
• Plate Tectonics
• Porosity
• Special Core Analysis
• Subsea Systems
• Well Completion and Stimulation Fundamentals
• Well Stimulation Methods
• Wellhead Components

• Actuators
• Ambient and Process Chillers
• Analyzer Sampling and Conditioning System
• Analyzer Shelters
• Arc Flash Causes and Mitigation
• Basic Electronics
• Batteries
• Bearings
• Blinding and De-blinding
• Cable Duct Banks and Trays
• Capacitor Banks
• Cathodic Protection Systems
• Chlorine Analyzers
• Circuit Breakers
• Columns and Process Vessels
• Compressed Air Dryers
• Condition Monitoring - Agitators and Mixers
• Condition Monitoring - Balancing
• Condition Monitoring - Compressors
• Condition Monitoring - Electrical Motors
• Condition Monitoring - General
• Condition Monitoring - Pumps
• Condition Monitoring - Turbines, Fans and Blowers
• Conductivity Analyzers
• Control Loops
• Control Systems - SCADA, DCS and ESD
• Cooling Towers for Technicians
• Corrosion in Metal
• Custody Meters
• Diesel Engine Generators
• Differential Pressure Flow Measurement
• Dissolved Oxygen Analyzers
• Drive Couplings
• Dust and Coalescer Filters
• Dynamic Compressor Systems, Seals and Routine Tasks
• Dynamic Compressors: Introduction and Operation
• Dynamic Pumps
• EI&A Field Awareness
• Electrical Cables
• Electrical Documentation
• Electrical Heat Tracing
• Electrical Level Measurement
• Electrical Motor Properties, Troubleshooting and Maintenance
• Electrician's Tools and Test Equipment
• Emergency Backup
• Emergency Power Systems
• Engineering Drawings and Symbols
• Extruder Equipment
• Extruder Equipment Maintenance
• Fans and Blowers
• Fans and Blowers Maintenance
• Fasteners
• Fault Diagnosis, Troubleshooting and Machine Inspections
• Fiber Optic Cable
• Filters and Strainers
• Fire Detection
• Fire Protection Systems
• Flame Scanning Devices
• Flow Gauging (Rotameter)
• Forklifts
• Fundamentals of Condition and Predictive Monitoring
• Fundamentals of Demineralized Water Treatment Systems
• Fundamentals of Reverse Osmosis Systems
• Fundamentals of Vibration Measurement
• Fundamentals Principles of Instrument Calibration 
• Gala Pellet Dryer for Technicians
• Gas Chromatography
• Gas Density Analyzers
• Gas Detection
• Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) and Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
• Gas Turbines for Technicians
• Gaskets and Packing
• Gears
• Grounding
• Hand and Power Tools for Technicians
• Hazardous Area and Protection Classifications
• Heat Exchangers for Technicians
• High Voltage Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
• High Voltage Substation Switchgear
• HVAC Fundamentals
• Hydraulic Systems
• Hydrostatic Head Level Measurement
• Hydrostatic Head Level Measurement - Device Troubleshooting and Calibration
• Hyper Compressor
• Industrial Elevators
• Insulation and Thermal Protection
• Introduction to AC/DC Electrical Motors for Technicians
• Introduction to Auxiliary Boiler Systems
• Introduction to Supervisory Control and Date Acquisition (SCADA)
• Laydown Yards and Area Management
• Leak Detection in Refrigeration Lines
• Lightning Arrester
• Liquid Nitrogen Storage Systems
• Low Voltage Substation Switchgear
• Lubrication Systems, Classifications and Applications
• LV Intelligent Switchgear
• Machine Alignment
• Maintaining HVAC Systems
• Maintaining Storage Tanks
• Maintenance Fundamentals
• Manuals and Drawings
• Mass Flow Measurement
• Measurement and Calibration Basics
• Measuring Tools
• Mechanical Hoses
• Medium Voltage Substation Switchgear
• Medium Voltage Vacuum Contactors
• Melting Flow Rate Analyzers
• Microwave and Laser Level Measurement
• Mixers and Blenders
• Moisture Analyzers
• Motor Signature Analysis (MCE)
• Network and Communication Systems
• Nuclear Radiation Level Measurement
• Oxygen Analyzer
• Pelletizers
• pH Analyzers
• Photometric Analyzers
• Pipe Supports
• Pipes and Fittings
• Planned, Corrective, and Breakdown Maintenance
• Plant Lighting
• Pneumatic Control Systems
• Pneumatic Systems
• Pneumatic Tubing and Fittings
• Point Level Switches
• Positive Displacement Pumps for Technicians
• Potable Water Treatment System
• Power and Distribution Transformers
• Power Cables
• Pressure Measurement
• Pressure Relief Safety Devices
• Preventative Maintenance Plans
• Protective Relays
• Purging Storage Tanks
• Radio and Communication Systems
• Reactors
• Reciprocating Compressors
• Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer
• Reports and Communication
• Rotary Feeder
• Rotary Stem Valves for Technicians
• Rotating Equipment Condition Diagnosis
• Safety in Instrumentation and Control Systems
• SCADA Operation
• Sealing Devices (Gaskets)
• Security Systems
• Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
• Sight and Float Gauging
• Simple Control System (PLC)
• Sliding Stem Valves for Technicians
• Spark Plugs
• Special Valves
• Steam Boilers
• Steam Condensate Hazards and Removal
• Steam Traps
• Steam Turbine Controls
• Steam Turbines for Technicians
• Storage Tanks
• Structural Safety
• Tank Gauging System
• Tank Roof Inspection
• Temperature Measurement
• Transformer Maintenance
• Ultrasonic Level Measurement
• Understanding pH Measurement
• Uninterruptible Power Supply
• Utility and Instrument Air Systems
• Valve Accessories
• Valve Design and Characteristics
• Valves Inspection, Testing and Repair
• Variable Speed and Frequency Drives (VFD/VSD)
• Vent System and Rundown System
• Volumetric Flow Measurement
• Water Softening Systems
• Weigh Bridges, Docks Levelers & Scales
• Weighing Devices
• Workshop Tools and Equipment

• Amine Sweetening Process
• Fractionation in Gas Processing
• Gas Processing Hazards
• Gas Processing Thermodynamics
• Hydrocarbon Phase Behavior and Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
• Introduction to Gas Processing for Operations
• Molecular Sieve Dehydration
• Solid Bed Adsorption and TEG Dehydration
• Turboexpander Gas Processing Plant

• Atmospheric and Pressure Storage Tanks
• Automated Control Applications
• Chemical Injection Systems
• Coalescing Filters
• Condensate Stabilization System
• Dewpoint Testing/Requirements
• Electrical Load Centers and Panelboards 
• Electrical System Basics and Diagrams
• Electrical System Protection
• Flare System Fundamentals
• Flare System Hazards and Ignition
• Flare System Purging Startup and Shutdown
• Flowing Pipeline Hydraulics
• Fractional Distillation Process Fundamentals
• Fundamentals of Hazardous Area Classifications 
• Gas Compressor Performance
• Glycol Dehydration Equipment and Operation
• Glycol Injection System Operation
• Glycol Sampling and Testing
• Heat Medium and Hot Oil Systems
• Heat Medium System Operation
• High Pressure Gas Sampling
• High Pressure Liquid Sampling
• Hydrates
• Introduction to Computerized Control Systems
• Introduction to Gas Chromatography
• Introduction to Measurement: Density, Moisture, pH, and Conductivity
• Introduction to Measurement: Level and Flow
• Introduction to Measurement: Temperature and Pressure
• Introduction to Pigging
• Introduction to Pipeline Hydrocarbons
• Introduction to Pipeline Systems
• ISO Truck Tank Construction and Inspection
• Liquid Storage Systems
• Manifold Systems Overview
• Measurement Basics and Standards
• Mercaptan Odorizing Systems
• Methanol Injection
• Motor Control Centers (MCCs) 
• Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Truck Offloading
• Non-Destructive Examination (NDE)
• Operating Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Tube Samplers
• Pentane (C5)+ Truck Loading
• Pig Launching and Receiving
• Pipeline Batching
• Pipeline Bridge Systems
• Pipeline Commissioning
• Pipeline Crossings
• Pipeline Flow Characteristics and Static Pipeline Hydraulics
• Pipeline Hydrocarbon Measurement and Testing
• Pipeline In-Line Inspection Tools
• Pipeline Input/Feed and Export Systems
• Pipeline Isolation
• Pipeline Purging with Nitrogen
• Process Control Strategies
• Produced Water Treatment
• Propane and Butane Truck Loading
• Propane Refrigeration Units and Low Temperature Separators (LTS)
• Pumping Out Flare Knockout Drums
• Rail Car Inspection
• Rail Car Loading and Offloading
• Rail Car Sampling and Composition Testing
• Recycle Compressor Operation
• Reflux in Fractionation Operations
• Remote Pipeline Startup and Shutdown
• Roto-Launch Automatic Multiple Pig Launcher
• Sales Gas Compressor Operation
• Sales Gas Compressor Types, Use and Limitations
• Sales Gas Filter Replacement
• Salt Caverns and Underground Storage
• Screw Compressor Components and Auxiliary Equipment
• Solid Desiccants
• Tank Isolation
• Tank Venting Systems
• Testing Composition of Offloading Truck NGLs
• Tower Fouling and Corrosion Cleaning
• Turbidity Measurement
• Two Phase and Three Phase Separators
• Underground Storage Tank Inspection and Monitoring
• Water Removal from a Storage Tank Bottom

Process Safety in Operations:

• Audits and Key Performance Indicators
• Emergency Response and Incident Investigation 
• Hazards
• Introduction
• Management of Change
• Projects, Construction and Operations
• Risk Management

• Gasoline Blending Operations
• Refinery Process Overview:
  • Catalytic Reforming
  • Fluid Catalytic Cracking
  • Gasoline Blending
  • Introduction
  • Refinery Process Hazards
  • Crude Distillation
• Solvent Deasphalting
  • Introduction
  • Analytical Methods and Sample Frequency
  • Primary Equipment
  • Process Operations
  • Process Variables
  • Unit Hazards
• Sulfur Recovery and Tail Gas Processing Overview
• Sulfuric Acid Plant:
  • Auxiliary Equipment
  • Introduction and Process Overview
  • Primary Equipment
  • Process Safety
• SYDEC Delayed Coking Process:
  • Overview
  • Auxiliary Equipment
  • Consequences of Deviation
  • Operations
  • Primary Equipment
  • Process Hazards
• Turnaround Operations

• Access to Medical Records
• Accident Control Techniques: Introduction
• Accident Control Techniques: Safe Work Practices
• American Chemistry Council: Responsible Care
• Asbestos
• Assessing Occupational Exposure
• Benzene
• Combustible Dust Hazards
• Confined Space Entry
• DOT Drug and Alcohol Testing
• DOT Hazardous Materials Employee Safety
• DOT Hazardous Materials General Awareness
• DOT Hazardous Materials Transportation Security Awareness
• Driving Safety
• EHS Regulatory Overview
• Electrical Safety for Qualified Employees
• Electrical Safety for Unqualified Employees
• Emergency Action Plans, Alarm Systems, and Fire Prevention Plans
• Environmental Awareness
• Excavation and Trenching
• Excavation and Trenching for Operations Personnel
• Explosive and Flammable Chemicals
• Export Compliance and Global Trade Guidelines
• Eye and Face Protection
• Eye Wash and Safety Showers
• Fall Prevention
• First Aid Procedures
• Forklifts and Powered Industrial Trucks
• Hand and Power Tool Safety
• Hand Safety
• Hazard Communication
• Hazards of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)
• Hazwoper: Awareness
• Hazwoper: Operations
• Hazwoper: Overview
• Hearing Protection
• Heat Stress Safety
• Helicopter Safety
• Hot Work
• Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
• Incident Reporting and Investigation
• Industrial Ergonomics
• Industrial Hygiene
• Introduction to Hazmat Transportation Regulations
• Introduction to Process Safety Management (PSM)
• Ionizing Radiation
• Irritants, Corrosives, and Sensitizers
• Jet Fuel Quality Control
• Laboratory Safety
• Ladder Safety
• Ladder Safety for Construction
• Line Breaking
• Lockout/Tagout
• Manual Handling and Lifting Techniques
• Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)
• Nitrogen Safe Use and Handling
• Occupational Exposure to 1,3-Butadiene
• Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
• Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens
• Occupational Exposure to Chlorine
• Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde
• Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium
• Occupational Exposure to Hydrochloric Acid
• Occupational Exposure to Lead
• Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica
• Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica - General Industry
• Occupational Exposure to Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda)
• Occupational Exposure to Sulfur Dioxide
• Occupational Exposure to Sulfuric Acid
• Office Ergonomics
• Office Fire Safety
• Office Safety
• Offshore Water Safety
• Oxygen-Fuel Gas Welding and Cutting
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Portable Fire Extinguishers: Non-Emergency Responder
• Process Safety and Fatigue Management
• Process Safety and Fatigue Management for Supervisors
• RCRA Emergency Response
• RCRA Generators
• RCRA Transporters
• RCRA Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities
• Respiratory Protection
• Rigging, Slings and Crane Lifts
• Scaffolding
• Security Training:  All Personnel
• Security Training: Facility Security Officer Overview
• Security Training: Security Personnel
• Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs and Tags
• Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures
• Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia
• Toxic Chemicals
• Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
• Unstable and Reactive Chemicals
• Vehicle-Mounted Elevated Work Platforms and Aerial Lifts
• Walking/Working Surfaces
• Warehouse Safety
• Working on Scaffolds
• Workplace Violence

• Access to Medical Records - UK
• Asbestos - UK
• Assessing Occupational Exposure - UK
• Benzene - UK
• Confined Space Entry - UK
• Driving Safety - UK
• Electrical Safety for Qualified Employees - UK
• Electrical Safety for Unqualified Employees - UK
• Environmental Awareness - UK
• Excavation and Trenching - UK
• Explosive and Flammable Chemicals - UK
• Eye and Face Protection - UK
• Eye Wash and Safety Showers - UK
• Fall Prevention - UK
• First Aid Procedures - UK
• Forklifts and Powered Industrial Trucks - UK
• Hand Safety - UK
• Hazardous Waste Spill Response, Containment and Decontamination - UK
• Hearing Protection - UK
• Heat Stress Safety - UK
• Helicopter Safety - UK
• Hot Work - UK
• Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) - UK
• Incident Reporting and Investigation - UK
• Industrial Ergonomics - UK
• Industrial Hygiene - UK
• Ionising Radiation - UK
• Irritants, Corrosives, and Sensitizers - UK
• Laboratory Safety - UK
• Ladder Safety - UK
• Line Breaking - UK
• Lockout/Tagout - UK
• Manual Handling and Lifting Techniques - UK
• Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) - UK
• Nitrogen Safe Use and Handling - UK
• Occupational Exposure to 1,3-Butadiene - UK
• Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens - UK
• Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens - UK
• Occupational Exposure to Chlorine - UK
• Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde - UK
• Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium - UK
• Occupational Exposure to Hydrochloric Acid - UK
• Occupational Exposure to Lead - UK
• Occupational Exposure to Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda) - UK
• Occupational Exposure to Sulphur Dioxide - UK
• Occupational Exposure to Sulphuric Acid - UK
• Office Ergonomics - UK
• Office Fire Safety - UK
• Office Safety - UK
• Offshore Water Safety - UK
• Overview of Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response - UK
• Oxygen-Fuel Gas Welding and Cutting - UK
• Personal Protective Equipment - UK
• Portable Fire Extinguishers - UK
• Portable Fire Extinguishers: Non-Emergency Responder - UK
• Process Safety and Fatigue Management - UK
• Process Safety and Fatigue Management for Supervisors - UK
• Respiratory Protection - UK
• Rigging, Slings and Crane Lifts - UK
• Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs and Tags - UK
• Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures - UK
• Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia - UK
• Toxic Chemicals - UK
• Unstable and Reactive Chemicals - UK
• Vehicle-Mounted Elevated Work Platforms and Aerial Lifts - UK
• Walking/Working Surfaces - UK
• Warehouse Safety - UK
• Workplace Violence - UK